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CCNA Exam Prep: Wireless Security and Implementation Considerations
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Introduction
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Table of Contents
Introduction
CHAPTER 1:Standard Internetworking Models
Introduction
What Is an Internetwork?
Types of Internetworks
Local Area Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Storage Area Network (SAN)
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
Upper Layers
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Lower Layers
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
OSI Layered Communications
TCP/IP Model
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
Network Interface Layer
Cisco 3-Layer Hierarchical Model
Access Layer
Distribution Layer
Core Layer
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercise
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 2:Physical Layer Networking Concepts
Introduction
Network Topologies
The Bus Topology
The Ring Topology
The Star Topology
The Mesh Topology
Cabling
Coaxial Cable
Twisted-Pair Cable
Fiber-Optic Cable
Wireless
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)
Infrared
Bluetooth
Physical Layer Devices
Repeaters
Hubs
Network Interfaces
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercise
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 3:Data Link Networking Concepts
Introduction
Data Link Protocols
Token Ring
FDDI
Ethernet at the Data Link Layer
Physical Ethernet Standards
Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
10-Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE)
Long Reach Ethernet
Data Link Layer Devices
Bridges
Switches
Duplex
Microsegmentation
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercise
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 4: General Network Security
Introduction
Classes of Attack
Access Attacks
Reconnaissance Attacks
Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks
Mitigating Network Threats
AAA
Cisco ACLs
Cisco IOS Secure Management Features
Encryption Protocols
Security Appliances and Applications
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercise
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 5:IP at the Network Layer
Introduction
Network Layer Functions
IP Addressing and Formats
Binary
Hexadecimal
IP Address Classes
Subnet Masks
Private (RFC 1918) Addressing
Subnetting IP
Calculating Hosts in a Subnet
Calculating Networks in a Subnet
The Increment
Determining the Range of Valid IPs
IPv6
IPv6 Communications
IPv6 Address Format
Types of IPv6 Addresses
Autoconfiguration
Integrating IPv4 and IPv6
ICMPv6
Network Layer Devices
Routers
Layer 3 Switches
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercises
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 6: Introduction to Cisco Routers and Switches
Introduction
Interfaces and Modules
LAN Interfaces
WAN Interfaces
Cisco Memory Components
ROM
Flash
RAM
NVRAM
Cisco Internetworking Operating System
Feature Sets
IOS Image File Naming
Cisco Router Models and Features
Cisco Switch Models and Features
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercise
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 7: Foundation Cisco IOS Operations
Introduction
Terminal Options
Console Port
Auxiliary Port
Telnet
HTTP and HTTPS
SSH
Router/Switch Startup Procedures
POST
Bootstrap
IOS Loading
Configuration Loading
Navigating the IOS
User EXEC
Privileged EXEC
Global Configuration
Context-Sensitive Help
Abbreviations
Shortcut Keys
Common Syntax Errors
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercise
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 8: Foundation Cisco Configurations
Introduction
Global Configuration
Altering the Boot Sequence
Changing the Hostname
Creating a Login Banner
Assigning a Password for Privileged EXEC Mode
Domain Name�Specific Commands
Enabling SSH
Line Configurations
Securing Console Access to User EXEC
Securing Auxiliary Access to User EXEC
Securing Telnet and SSH Access to User EXEC
Router Interface Configurations
Assigning an IP Address
Enabling the Interface
LAN-Specific Commands
WAN-Specific Commands
Saving Configurations
Using the show Command to Get Information
Verifying Your Configurations
Viewing Interface Statuses and Statistics
IOS File Version show Commands
Troubleshooting Commands
Backing Up and Restoring Configurations and IOS Using TFTP
Neighbor Discovery with CDP
Using Telnet for Virtual Terminal Access
Terminal Monitor
IOS DHCP
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercise
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 9: Understanding the Cisco SDM
Introduction
Getting Started
Global Configurations
Changing the Hostname, Banner, Domain Name, and Secret Password
Router Access
DNS
DHCP
Router Interface Configurations
Assigning an IP Address
Enabling the Interface
Saving and Verifying Your Configurations
Monitoring
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercise
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 10: Introduction to Routing and Routing Protocols
Introduction
The Default Gateway
Verifying and Troubleshooting the Default Gateway
Routing Sources
Administrative Distance
Static Routes
Configuring Static Routes
Floating Static Routes
Default Routes
Configuring Static and Default Routes with SDM
Verifying Static and Default Routes
Dynamic Routing Protocols
Routing Metrics
Classful and Classless Routing Updates
VLSM
Interior and Exterior Gateway Routing Protocols
Distance Vector Routing Protocols
Link-State Routing Protocols
Advanced Distance Vector/Hybrid Routing Protocols
The Routing Table Revisited
Routing Redistribution
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercises
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 11: Distance Vector Routing Protocols
Introduction
Distance Vector Operations
Routing Loops
Routing Loop Mitigation
Counting to Infinity
Split Horizon
Route Poison, Poison Reverse, and Hold-Down Timers
Triggered Updates
Invalid/Dead Timers
RIP
RIP Characteristics
RIP Configuration
Passive Interfaces
RIPv2 Characteristics
RIPv2 Configuration
RIPv2 Update Authentication
Configuring RIP with SDM
RIP Verification
Troubleshooting RIP
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercises
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 12: Link-State and Hybrid Routing Protocols
Introduction
Link-State Operations
OSPF
OSPF Characteristics
OSPF Initialization
Introduction to Configuring OSPF
OSPF Network Configuration
Additional OSPF Commands
Configuring OSPF with SDM
Verifying OSPF
Troubleshooting OSPF
Balanced Hybrid Operations
EIGRP
EIGRP Characteristics
EIGRP Stub Routing
EIGRP Configuration
EIGRP Verification
EIGRP Troubleshooting
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercises
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 13: Foundation Switching Operations
Introduction
Switching Functionality
Frame Transmission Methods
Store-and-Forward
Cut-Through
Fragment-Free
Half- and Full-Duplex Connections
Switching Design
Spanning Tree Protocol
Root Bridge
Root Ports
Designated Ports
Blocked Ports
Port State Transitions
Initial Switch Configurations
Assigning a Management IP Address to a Switch
Defining a Default Gateway
IP Assignment Using DHCP
Configuring Multiple Switch Interfaces
Configuring and Verifying Spanning Tree Protocol
Changing Priority and Port Cost
Verifying Spanning Tree Protocol
Troubleshooting Basic Switch Connectivity
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercises
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 14: Enhanced Switching Operations
Introduction
Cisco Enhancements to Spanning Tree Protocol
PortFast and BPDU Guard
UplinkFast
BackboneFast
Configuring Cisco STP Enhancements
EtherChannel
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
Spanning Tree Similarities
RSTP Port States and Roles
RSTP Link and Edge Types
BPDUs and Topology Changes
Rapid Transition
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercises
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 15: Virtual LANs
Introduction
Overview of VLANs
VLAN Membership Methods
The Management VLAN
Configuring and Verifying VLANs
VLAN Trunking
ISL Trunks
802.1q Trunks
Configuring and Verifying ISL and 802.1Q Trunks
VLAN Trunking Protocol
VTP Modes
VTP Pruning
Configuring and Verifying VTP
InterVLAN Routing
Router on a Stick
Switched Virtual Interfaces
Voice VLANs
Troubleshooting VLAN
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercises
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 16: Implementing Switch Security
Introduction
Securing Physical Access to the Catalyst Switch
Securing Terminal Access to the Catalyst Switch
To Telnet or Not to Telnet
Additional IOS Security Practices
Layer 2 Security
Port Security
VLAN Security
VTP Passwords
�See�DP
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercises
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 17: Understanding Wireless Networking
Introduction
The Business Case
The Players in the 802.11 Market
Entering the Radio Frequency World
Understanding Wireless Transmission
Unlicensed RF Bands
The Key to Successful Wireless: Channel Surfing
The 802.11 Standards Family
Party Like It�s 1999: 802.11a and 802.11b
2003 Delivers: 802.11g
The Next Generation: 802.11n
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercise
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 18: Wireless Security and Implementation Considerations
Introduction
Understanding the Threats
War Driving
Direct Hacking
Employee Ignorance
Deploying a Secure Wireless Network
Wireless Encryption
Wireless Authentication (802.1x)
Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
Wireless Implementation Guidelines
Understanding Wireless Topologies
Understanding Wireless Data Rates
General Wireless Implementation Steps
Wireless Troubleshooting
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 19: Using Cisco Access Lists
Introduction
Access List Concepts
Functions of an Access List
Packet Filtering
Quality of Service
Dial-on-Demand Routing
Network Address Translation
Route Filtering
Standard Access Lists
Configuration of Standard Access Lists
Placement of Standard Access Lists
Standard Access List Examples
Extended Access Lists
Configuration of Extended Access Lists
Practical Extended Access List Examples
Named Access List
Verifying Access Lists
show running-config
show ip interface
show ip access-lists
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercises
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Reading and Resources
CHAPTER 20: Enabling Internet Connectivity with NAT
Introduction
NAT Concepts
Static NAT
Dynamic NAT
NAT Overload and Port Address Translation
NAT Terminology
Configuring NAT Using Cisco SDM
Configuring NAT Overload
Verifying NAT Configuration
Troubleshooting NAT
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Reading and Resources
CHAPTER 21: Command-Line NAT Implementation
Introduction
Reviewing NAT Concepts
NAT Configurations
Static NAT
Dynamic Pool Translations
NAT Overload
Verifying NAT Operation
Troubleshooting NAT Operation
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercise
Exam Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
CHAPTER 22: Wide Area Network Connections
Introduction
WAN Connection Types
Leased Lines
Circuit-Switched Networks
Packet-Switched Networks
Broadband
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
Metropolitan Ethernet (Metro Ethernet)
The WAN Physical Layer
WAN Data Link Encapsulations
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Cisco High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)
X.25 Link Access Procedure, Balanced (LAPB)
Frame Relay
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) and PPP over ATM (PPPoA)
Cisco HDLC
PPP
Sub-Layer 1: ISO HDLC
Sub-Layer 2: Link Control Protocol (LCP)
Sub-Layer 3: Network Control Protocol
Configuring PPP
Authentication
Compression
Verifying PPP
Troubleshooting PPP
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercises
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Reading and Resources
CHAPTER 23: Frame Relay
Introduction
Frame Relay Overview
Virtual Circuits
Hub and Spoke Design
Partial Mesh Design
Full Mesh Design
Frame Relay Terminology
Permanent Virtual Circuit
Switched Virtual Circuit
Local Management Interface
Data Link Connection Identifier
Local Access Rate
Committed Information Rate
Backwards Explicit Congestion Notification
Forward Explicit Congestion Notification
Discard Eligible
The Nature of NBMA Networks
Subinterfaces
Multipoint Subinterfaces
Point-to-Point Subinterfaces
Address Mapping in Frame Relay
Inverse ARP
Static Mappings
Configuring Frame Relay
Configuring Frame Relay for a Single Neighbor
Configuring Frame Relay That Uses a Multipoint Interface
Configuring Frame Relay That Uses Point-to-Point Interfaces
Verifying Frame Relay
show frame-relay lmi
show frame-relay pvc
show frame-relay map
Troubleshooting Frame Relay
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Exercises
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Reading and Resources
CHAPTER 24: Understanding VPN Connectivity
Introduction
Understanding VPN Connectivity
VPN Benefits and Considerations
Types of VPNs
The Pieces That Make a VPN Tick
Understanding IPsec
Encryption
Diffie-Hellman
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
Authentication/Data Integrity
IPsec Protocols
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Apply Your Knowledge
Review Questions
Exam Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Exam Questions
Suggested Readings and Resources
Fast Facts
OSI Model in Review
Application Protocols Supported by the Application Layer
Network Domains
Cabling, Lines, and Services
MAC Addressing
Framing and Duplex Types
WAN Interfaces
Memory Types
IOS File Naming Conventions
Utilities Using ICMP
Network Security
Access Attacks
Reconnaissance Attacks
Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks
Mitigating Network Threats
IP Addressing
Classless Addressing
Private Ranges
Subnetting
IPv6
Types of IPv6 Addresses
Integrating IPv4 and IPv6
Layer 3 Functions
IOS Terminal Access Methodologies
IOS Boot Processes
IOS Navigation
Context-Sensitive Help
Terminal Editing Keys
Syntax Errors
Global Configuration Commands
Securing the IOS
SSH
Interface Configuration Commands
Switch Commands
The copy Command
The show Command
Interface Status
Cisco Discovery Protocol
Telnet
DHCP
Switches
Duplex Connections
Spanning Tree Protocol IEEE 802.1d
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
RSTP Convergence
Virtual LANs (VLANs)
VLAN Configuration
Voice VLANs
Trunks
Trunk Configuration
VLAN Trunking Protocol
VTP Configuration
InterVLAN Routing
Port Security
Routing Characteristics
Routing Sources
Static and Default Routes
Dynamic Routing Protocols
Routing Metrics
Interior and Exterior Gateway Routing Protocols
Classful and Classless Routing Updates
Routing Protocol Classes
Redistribution
Distance Vector Routing Loop Mitigation
RIP and RIPv2
RIP Configuration
Verifying and Troubleshooting RIP
OSPF Characteristics
OSPF Configuration
Verifying and Troubleshooting OSPF
EIGRP Characteristics
EIGRP Configuration
Verifying and Troubleshooting EIGRP
Passive Interfaces
Wireless Networking
Wireless Security and Implementation
Cisco Access Lists
TCP Ports
UDP Ports
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Wide-Area Networks
Frame Relay
VPN Connectivity
Practice Exam
Answers to Practice Exam
APPENDIX: What�s on the CD-ROM
Glossary
0789737132 TOC 11/21/2007
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