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CCENT Exam Cram: Concepts in IP Addressing
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Index
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Introduction
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Table of Contents
Introduction ...................................................................................1
Self-Assessment..............................................................................9
Chapter 1:
Networking Fundamentals.................................................................17
Introduction ..............................................................................................18
Components and Terms ...........................................................................18
Topologies.................................................................................................18
LAN Technologies....................................................................................19
Ethernet ...........................................................................................19
WAN Technologies ..................................................................................21
Dedicated Leased Line Connections..............................................22
Circuit-Switched Connections........................................................22
Packet-Switched Connections ........................................................22
Cell-Switched Connections ............................................................23
Wireless Networks....................................................................................23
Other Network Technologies ..................................................................23
Exam Prep Questions ...............................................................................25
Answers to Exam Prep Questions............................................................27
Chapter 2:
Network Models.............................................................................29
Introduction ..............................................................................................30
Cisco Hierarchical Model ........................................................................30
Access Layer ....................................................................................31
Distribution Layer...........................................................................31
Core Layer.......................................................................................31
Advantages of the Three-Layer Model ..........................................32
OSI Model ................................................................................................32
Layer 7: The Application Layer .....................................................33
Layer 6: The Presentation Layer....................................................34
Layer 5: The Session Layer ............................................................34
Layer 4: The Transport Layer ........................................................35
Layer 3: The Network Layer..........................................................41
Layer 2: The Data Link Layer .......................................................43
Layer 1: The Physical Layer...........................................................44
TCP/IP Model ................................................................................46
Exam Prep Questions ...............................................................................48
Answers to Exam Prep Questions............................................................50
Chapter 3:
Concepts in IP Addressing ................................................................53
Introduction ..............................................................................................54
Binary ........................................................................................................54
Hexadecimal..............................................................................................56
Conversion Between Binary, Hex, and Decimal .....................................57
Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversions............................................58
Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversions............................................58
IP Address Components...........................................................................59
Address Class ...................................................................................59
Default Subnet Mask.......................................................................59
The Network Field .........................................................................60
The Host Field................................................................................61
Non-Default Masks.........................................................................61
The Subnet Field.............................................................................61
Subnetting.................................................................................................62
Address Class and Default Mask.....................................................62
The Increment.................................................................................63
Number of Hosts.............................................................................66
The Broadcast ID............................................................................67
Number of Subnets .........................................................................69
Working with Subnetting Questions..............................................71
The Subnetting Chart.....................................................................72
Exam Prep Questions ...............................................................................75
Answers to Exam Prep Questions............................................................80
Chapter 4:
Working with Cisco Equipment ...........................................................83
Introduction ..............................................................................................84
Products ....................................................................................................84
External Connections ...............................................................................84
Console ............................................................................................84
Aux Port...........................................................................................86
Ethernet Port...................................................................................86
Serial Port ........................................................................................87
Other Connections..........................................................................88
Connecting and Configuring Cisco Devices ...........................................88
Device Memory Locations..............................................................89
IOS Startup Process ........................................................................89
Setup Mode .....................................................................................91
Configuration Register....................................................................91
Password Recovery..........................................................................91
Command Line Modes ...................................................................93
Command Shortcuts .......................................................................94
Context-Sensitive Help ............................................................................95
Basic Switch Configuration.............................................................96
Basic Router Configuration ............................................................97
Securing Routers and Switches ................................................................98
Configuring SSH Access to Your Router .....................................100
Exam Prep Questions .............................................................................102
Answers to Exam Prep Questions..........................................................104
Chapter 5:
Managing Your Router....................................................................107
Introduction ............................................................................................108
IOS Naming Conventions .....................................................................108
Back Up and Restore IOS ......................................................................110
Backup and Restore Configurations ......................................................111
Troubleshooting and Remote Management..........................................112
Telnet .............................................................................................112
Secure Shell (SSH) ........................................................................114
CDP...............................................................................................115
ICMP.............................................................................................116
Exam Prep Questions .............................................................................118
Answers to Exam Prep Questions..........................................................120
Chapter 6:
Basic Catalyst Switch Operations and Configuration ...............................123
Introduction ............................................................................................124
Bridging and Switching ..........................................................................124
Functions of Bridges and Switches ...............................................124
The Differences Between Switches and Bridges..........................128
Switching Modes ...........................................................................130
STP................................................................................................133
Exam Prep Questions .............................................................................135
Answers to Exam Prep Questions..........................................................137
Chapter 7:
Introduction to Wide-Area Networks ...................................................139
Introduction ............................................................................................140
Encapsulation Types ...............................................................................140
Cisco HDLC ..........................................................................................141
PPP..........................................................................................................142
Components ..................................................................................142
Configuration ................................................................................144
Verification and Troubleshooting .................................................146
Frame Relay ............................................................................................146
Concepts and Terminology...........................................................146
The Split Horizon Problem..........................................................150
Configuration ................................................................................151
Verification and Troubleshooting .................................................154
Network Address Translation.................................................................155
NAT Terminology.........................................................................156
Applications, Advantages, and Disadvantages of NAT................157
Static NAT.....................................................................................159
Dynamic NAT...............................................................................161
PAT ................................................................................................162
Exam Prep Questions .............................................................................166
Answers to Exam Prep Questions..........................................................167
Chapter 8:
Wireless LANs .............................................................................169
Introduction ............................................................................................170
WLAN Standards...................................................................................170
Unlicensed Radio Bands ...............................................................170
802.11.............................................................................................171
802.11a...........................................................................................172
802.11b...........................................................................................173
802.11g...........................................................................................174
802.11n ..........................................................................................174
WLAN Operational Modes ...................................................................175
Ad Hoc Mode................................................................................175
Infrastructure Mode ......................................................................175
Basic Service Set and Extended Service Set ..........................................176
BSS.................................................................................................176
ESS.................................................................................................176
WLAN Security......................................................................................177
WLAN Security Threats ..............................................................177
WLAN Security Methods.............................................................178
WLAN Security Standards ...........................................................179
Basic WLAN Configuration Steps ........................................................181
Exam Prep Questions .............................................................................183
Answers to Exam Prep Questions..........................................................185
Chapter 9:
Basic Network Security...................................................................187
Introduction ............................................................................................188
The Need for Security ...........................................................................188
Mitigation Steps......................................................................................189
Reconnaissance Attacks .................................................................190
Access Attacks................................................................................191
Denial of Service Attacks ..............................................................192
Common Security Appliances................................................................193
Best Practices ..........................................................................................195
Exam Prep Questions .............................................................................196
Answers to Exam Prep Questions..........................................................198
Chapter 10:
Basic Routing ..............................................................................201
Introduction ............................................................................................202
Static Routes..................................................................................202
Default Routes...............................................................................203
Dynamic Routes ............................................................................204
RIP ..........................................................................................................211
Characteristics of RIP ...................................................................211
Implementing RIP.........................................................................212
Verifying and Troubleshooting RIP .............................................214
Exam Prep Questions .............................................................................218
Answers to Exam Prep Questions..........................................................223
Chapter 11:
Small-Office Internet Connection .......................................................225
Introduction ............................................................................................226
Basic Configuration Using the Cisco Router and Security Device
Manager (SDM) ...................................................................................226
Setting Hostname, Domain, and Login Credentials ...................230
Configuring IP Addressing Using SDM Express ........................230
Configuring the DHCP Server Using SDM Express..................232
Setting Up the Wan Interface in SDM Express ..........................233
Configuring NAT Using SDM Express.......................................234
Firewall Option .............................................................................235
Security Configuration Checklist .................................................236
SDM Express Configuration Summary........................................237
Configuring a Default Route in SDM..........................................242
Testing Connectivity Using the SDM Interface ..........................243
Basic Switch Configuration Using the CLI ..........................................246
Securing the Switch.......................................................................246
Configuring a Management IP and Default Gateway .................247
Exam Prep Questions .............................................................................250
Answers to Exam Prep Questions..........................................................252
Practice Exam #1..........................................................................255
Practice Exam #1 Answer Key...........................................................275
Practice Exam #2..........................................................................289
Practice Exam #2 Answer Key...........................................................307
Appendix A:
What’s on the CD-ROM ...................................................................319
Appendix B:
Need to Know More? .....................................................................323
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
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